PIP: Reasons for the sharp decline in fertility in Bali, Indonesia, during the 1970s are examined. Data are from a survey conducted in 1980 among 1,088 ever-married women aged 15-54 who were living in three villages in Klungkung regency. Analysis of the survey data shows the decline in fertility to be attributable to the use of modern contraception within marriage but does not explain why the Balinese accepted contraception to such an extent. Finally, through observation of daily life over a period of time, the author identifies "the often-noted high degree of conformity which characterizes most aspects of Balinese life" as a key factor in explaining the fertility decline.