The BCCM/IHEM Biomedical Fungi/Yeasts collection hosts 1200 Candida albicans strains of the Vanbreuseghem mycotheque isolated between 1951 and 1997. From this collection, 469 freeze-dried C. albicans strains, producing chlamydospores, germ tubes and forming green colonies on CHROMagar, all isolated before 1990, were screened to identify the Candida dubliniensis isolates. Screening was performed in different steps using the growth at 45 degrees C, the assimilation of xylose, the intracellular beta-glucosidase activity test and C. dubliniensis-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers from ACT1 intron sequence. Five isolates (1%) were identified as C. dubliniensis: one isolate was not documented, the others were of oropharyngeal origin of which two (1987 and 1990) were from proven human immunodeficiency virus patients.