The objective of this study was to compare artificial neural network (ANN) and multivariable logistic regression analyses for prediction modeling of adverse outcome in pediatric meningococcal disease. We analyzed a previously constructed database of children younger than 20 years of age with meningococcal disease at four pediatric referral hospitals from 1985-1996. Patients were randomly divided into derivation and validation datasets. Adverse outcome was defined as death or limb amputation. ANN and multivariable logistic regression models were developed using the derivation set, and were tested on the validation set. Eight variables associated with adverse outcome in previous studies of meningococcal disease were considered in both the ANN and logistic regression analyses. Accuracies of these models were then compared. There were 381 patients with meningococcal disease in the database, of whom 50 had adverse outcomes. When applied to the validation data set, the sensitivities for both the ANN and logistic regressions models were 75% and the specificities were both 91%. There were no significant differences in any of the performance parameters between the two models. ANN analysis is an effective tool for developing prediction models for adverse outcome of meningococcal disease in children, and has similar accuracy as logistic regression modeling. With larger, more complete databases, and with advanced ANN algorithms, this technology may become increasingly useful for real-time prediction of patient outcome.