To examine the association of anemia with the formation of antibodies to intrinsic red blood cells, 56 phthisiosurgical patients were examined. Red blood cell antibodies were detected in 66.7 of patients with anemia and in 36.9% without anemia. The results were processed by the chi 2 Pierson test, which confirmed a 95% probability of association of hemolytic anemia with the formation of antibodies to red blood cells. The direct antiglobulin test and the enzyme assay may be recommended for examination of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the preoperative period to reveal risk factors of progressive clinical manifestations of anemia.