The paper presents a short historical outline and contemporary use of scintigraphic studies of thyroid gland. Appropriate recommendations and correct interpretations of the results of routine thyroid scans and the usefulness of other scintigraphic studies with 111In-octreoscan, 99mTc-MIBI, 99mTc-DMSA, 18FDG and radiolabeled monoclonal anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibodies were discussed in the light of the present thyroid diagnostic studies. Particular attention was paid to the dependence of the scintigraphic thyroid images upon the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level in the patient's serum. The chosen examples of scintigraphic studies show the advantages of scintigraphic evaluation of efficacy of radioiodine therapy. The most often mistakes of the scintigraphy interpretations were showed.