Globalization and Poland's pending membership in the European Union have created a need for reappraisal of the country's occupational health and safety (OHS) programs. The current trend of industrial growth is likely to follow observed historical patterns in other parts of the world: the manufacturing sector will shrink, and the service sector will increasingly play a dominant role. Poland's OHS structure must be tailored accordingly. This article outlines the current state of OHS in Poland and indicates priorities for future research and special attention.