Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary clinical data for valganciclovir, a new oral agent for the therapy of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis.
Data sources: Relevant literature was extracted via MEDLINE/PUBMED and searchable abstracts from infectious diseases conferences covering the period from January 1990 to April 2002. Tertiary references provided background information.
Data synthesis: Current standard treatment for CMV retinitis consists of intravenous therapy, intraocular implant, and intraocular injection. The low bioavailability of oral ganciclovir restricts its use to prophylaxis and maintenance treatment. Oral valganciclovir, recently approved for both induction and maintenance therapy of CMV retinitis, may fill a niche for this disease.
Conclusions: Although only 1 clinical study has been published for valganciclovir, its favorable pharmacokinetic profile, encouraging preliminary efficacy data, ease of administration, and lack of potential catheter-related complications make it a favorable option for the treatment of CMV retinitis in HIV-positive patients.