The authors report the preliminary results of a new treatment for primary and secondary hepatic malignancies called radiofrequency ablation. Seven patients undergoing the new radiofrequency ablation procedure (4 M and 3 F; mean age 62 years) were studied. The 3 female patients were suffering from breast cancer metastases (1 case), left colon cancer metastases to the first hepatic segment with caval and portal compression (1 case), and metastases to the eighth hepatic segment from an operated left colon cancer (1 case). The 4 male patients were suffering from carcinoma of the first hepatic segment on a cirrhotic liver (1 case), two liver metastases from left a colon cancer (1 case), a single 3-cm diameter metastasis treated by laparotomic radiofrequency ablation after resection of a gastric cancer (1 case), and one metastasis to the eighth hepatic segment from an operated left colon cancer (1 case). Prior to treatment all patients were subjected to investigation of routine blood-chemistry parameters, hepatic enzymes, cancer markers (Ca 19.9, alphafetoprotein, cytokines), abdominal spiral CT or MRI or PET (18 FDG); and thorough ultrasonography. Four patients underwent percutaneous radiofrequency ablation; one patient with concomitant gastric cancer underwent laparotomic radiofrequency ablation and simultaneous removal of the tumour; one patient was treated by celioscopic radiofrequency ablation in the course of laparoscopic cholecystectomy; and one underwent transpleural-diaphragmatic radiofrequency ablation for metastases to the seventh and eighth hepatic segments. None of the patients undergoing ultrasonography and CT follow-up examinations after 6 months presented recurrence of hepatic metastases. This treatment, though its use has so far been limited to only a few cases with a short follow-up, opens up new prospects for the surgical treatment of primary and secondary malignancies, also in the light of experience based on a substantial number of patients, recently reported in the literature.