The effects of the 17beta-estradiol, dihydrotestosterone and hormone antagonists tamoxifen and bicalutamide on telomerase activity and expression of cell cycle related proteins in the androgen-sensitive prostatic cancer cell line LNCaP were studied. The cell line was grown in RPMI supplemented with 2.5% charcoal-stripped FBS for 72 hr. The IC(50) of tamoxifen and bicalutamide and the optimal stimulatory concentrations of 17beta-estradiol and dihydrotestosterone were determined by means of the cell-viability assay, the activity of telomerase was measured by the telomere repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) and the expression of proteins was analysed by the Western blot technique. 17beta-estradiol stimulated cell growth more effectively than dihydrotestosterone whereas hormone antagonists tamoxifen and bicalutamide caused a significant decrease in cell viability. The treatment of cells by a combination of low doses of 17 beta-estradiol and dihydrotestosterone stimulated cells stronger than treatment by a single hormone. Only 17beta-estradiol, in concentration of 10nM, increased strongly the expression of p21(Waf1/Cip1) and increased slightly telomerase activity in the LNCaP cells. 50 microM of bicalutamide down-regulated the levels of the androgen receptor, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen and telomerase activity, and up-regulated the expression of p27(Kip1). We hereby describe the first observation of the influence of bicalutamide on telomerase activity and a positive correlation between the effect of 17beta-estradiol and the induction of both the endogenous cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21(Waf1/Cip1), and telomerase activity in a prostatic cancer cell line LNCaP. These findings can shed a new light on the steroid-signaling pathway in prostate cancer cells.