In this work information on the biology and ecology of synanthropic mites and mold fungi, proved to be the sources of indoor allergens in different premises, is presented. The authors propose the algorithm of the ecological monitoring of dwellings, developed on the basis their investigations. The types of dwellings, the time and situations when ecological monitoring should be carried out are analyzed. Grounds for the necessity of controlling the number of mites and the concentration of Micromyces spores, as well as their elimination from the environment, are given.