Intrastrand DNA cross-links as tools for studying DNA replication and repair: two-, three-, and four-carbon tethers between the N(2) positions of adjacent guanines

Biochemistry. 2002 Mar 5;41(9):3109-18. doi: 10.1021/bi010450j.

Abstract

A general protocol for preparation of oligonucleotides containing intrastrand cross-links between the exocyclic amino groups of adjacent deoxyguanosines has been developed. A series of 2, 3, and 4 methylene cross-links was incorporated site-specifically into an 11-mer (5'-GGCAGGTGGTG-3', cross-linked positions are underlined) via a reaction between oligonucleotide containing 2-fluoro-O(6)-trimethylsilylethyl deoxyinosines and the appropriate diamine (ethylenediamine, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane). These cross-linked-oligonucleotides were studied for their ability to bend DNA by the method of Koo and Crothers [Koo, H. S., and Crothers, D. M. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85, 1763-1767] in which the mobility of ligated oligomers in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels is evaluated. It was found that all cross-links induced bending (2-carbon cross-link, 30.0 +/- 4.0 deg/turn; 3-carbon cross-link, 11.7 +/- 1.6 deg/turn; 4-carbon cross-link, 7.4 +/- 1.0 deg/turn). Despite the differing extent of helical distortion exhibited by the cross-links, all appeared to be equally blocking to replication by the Escherichia coli polymerases, pol I, pol II, and pol III. In contrast, when incision of the cross-links by the E. coli UvrABC nucleotide incision complex was studied, the extent of incision of the cross-link was found to correlate closely with the degree of bending measured in the gel mobility assay, i.e., the efficiency of incision was 2-carbon >> 3-carbon > 4-carbon.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Base Sequence
  • Cross-Linking Reagents
  • DNA Adducts / chemical synthesis
  • DNA Adducts / chemistry*
  • DNA Repair*
  • DNA Replication*
  • DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / metabolism
  • Endodeoxyribonucleases / metabolism
  • Escherichia coli Proteins*
  • Guanine / chemistry*
  • Nucleic Acid Conformation
  • Oligonucleotides / chemical synthesis
  • Oligonucleotides / chemistry
  • Oligonucleotides / metabolism*
  • Templates, Genetic

Substances

  • Cross-Linking Reagents
  • DNA Adducts
  • Escherichia coli Proteins
  • Oligonucleotides
  • Guanine
  • DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
  • Endodeoxyribonucleases
  • endodeoxyribonuclease uvrABC