Analytical, research and design efforts were made to modify the technology of anaerobic fermentation of plant and animal wastes. Results were publication of a register of wastes of a middle size Russian town, development of a simulator of natural food wastes, and development and testing of a laboratory prototype of original system for anaerobic degradation of natural food wastes. It was shown that association of Clostridia and lactobacilli is best to initiate and implement the first phase of biodegradation of natural wastes.