Analysis of explants and causes of mortality during long-term follow-up of the Toronto stentless porcine valve

Abstract

The long-term status of stentless porcine valves has not yet been defined.

Methods: 447 patients were followed at 6 IDE sites up to 10 years (total follow-up, 2024.3 pt years; mean, 4.5 years): 35% were over 70 years and 41% underwent concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting.

Results: 10 patients underwent reoperation for valve explant (0.5%/pt year) because of severe aortic incompetence (AI) from dilatation of the aorta, sinotubular junction or sinus of Valsalva with torn commissures or cusps (8 patients) and endocarditis with abscess and dehiscence (2 patients). Six of 8 patients with late AI had bicuspid native aortic valves (mean age, 39.8 years). Overall freedom from reoperation was 95.2%. Freedom from structural deterioration was 96.1% at 7 years (98.0% for patients >60 years). Of 49 late deaths (2.5%/pt year), 9 were valve related (0.5%/pt year), 10 cardiac related, and 30 because of noncardiac causes. Valve-related deaths were because of endocarditis (3), CVA (1), redo surgery (1), or unknown reasons (4). Noncardiac deaths were due mainly to cancer (19/30). At seven years, freedom from all cause death was 81.8% and freedom from valve-related death 96.9%.

Conclusions: Late mortality after stentless valve replacement has been primarily because of comorbidities present at surgery or developing later. The Toronto stentless porcine valve is associated with a low rate of reoperation and valve-related death.