The effects of denervation-reinnervation after sciatic nerve crush on the activity of extracellular and intracellular lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were examined in the soleus and red portion of gastrocnemius muscles. The activity of both LPL fractions was decreased in the two muscles within 24 h after the nerve crush and remained reduced for up to 2 wk. During the reinnervation period, LPL activity was still reduced in the soleus and started to increase only on the 40th day. In the red gastrocnemius, LPL activity increased progressively with reinnervation, exceeding control values on the 30th day post-crush. The LPL activity in the soleus from the contralateral to denervated hindlimb was also affected, being increased on the postoperation day and then gradually decreased during the following days. In conclusion, the time course of changes in muscle LPL activity after nerve crush confirmed the predominant role of nerve conduction in controlling muscle potential to take up free fatty acids derived from the plasma triacylglycerols. However, other factors, such as muscle fiber composition and the fiber transformation, should also be considered in this aspect of the denervation-reinnervation process. Moreover, it was found that denervation of muscles from one hindlimb may influence LPL activity in muscles from the contralateral leg.