Two bases for this study were the theory of stress as a provoking factor for high alcohol consumption in human being and findings that the stress hormones stimulate ethanol intake in rats. We therefore investigated whether the cortisol-synthesis inhibitor metyrapone could reduce high alcohol consumption in socially stable subjects who reported drinking mainly for relaxation purposes. Most of the investigated subjects were found to be alcohol dependent (81%), with moderately high levels of intake, yet they had not reported more severe life problems. All subjects reported their daily alcohol consumption during 2-week baseline, medication, and postmedication periods. Sixteen subjects were given 1 g of metyrapone orally daily for 14 days, and 15 subjects received placebo. Morning serum cortisol concentration was assessed four times in the course of the study period. Metyrapone treatment was not found to reduce alcohol consumption more than placebo. Serum cortisol concentrations remained within the laboratory reference interval during the study and did not differ between the study groups. In this study, we found that a cortisol-synthesis inhibitor had no effect on alcohol consumption. One reason may be that cortisol secretion has no role in the maintenance of high alcohol consumption. On the other hand, because this study is the first of its kind, further studies using other doses of treatment and treatment schedules are suggested.