The method of anterior mono- or bisegmental cervical spine fusion is a well-established procedure for degenerative conditions of the cervical spine. While the early reports promote fusion with bone graft alone, recent studies report superior results with the addition of anterior plating. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of using plates in anterior cervical spine fusion in a prospective study. Fifty candidates for anterior monoor bisegmental cervical spine fusion were randomly and prospectively selected and assigned to a plated and a non-plated group. After a minimum follow-up of 22 months, patients were clinically and radiologically examined. The reduction in pain, improvement in neurology and functional assessment showed a significant improvement in both groups compared to the preoperative values. The total neurological score improved significantly in both groups, but the changes were greater in the group with plates. There was no significant difference between the groups for fusion rating, but graft quality (graft height) was significantly better in the plated group. We conclude that the overall data do not suggest better results with plating in mono- or bisegmental anterior spine fusions. Indications for additional internal fixation are restricted to special conditions with increased instability, insufficient bone quality or inappropriate graft placing.