Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng, which is endemic to China, only distributes in Mt. Hua of Shaanxi Province. 5 enzyme systems coding 13 loci were analyzed in 13 subpopulations of P. huashanica from Mt. Hua. Allozyme analysis showed that high genetic variability and clonal diversity existed in the species. Mean proportions of polymorphic loci (95% criterion), average number of alleles per locus, and mean expected heterozygosity were 69.2%, 1.8 and 0.344, respectively. Simpson index was 0.998. A negative species mean fixation indice (-0.252) indicates that there is a considerable excess of heterozygotes compared to the expected proportions of heterozygote loci. Mean genetic distance among populations was 0.049 (range: 0-0.139), and 91% of the genetic variation resided within populations. Gene flow estimated by indirect methods was 2.77, which was much lower than the Nm value (5.24) of anemophytes. This suggested that gene flow of P. huashanica might be in a critical level, and genetic differentiation might occur in natural population of this species.