Wound infection in arterial prosthetic replacement is the most hazardous complication in vascular surgery, associated with a high incidence rate of invalidity and lethality. The choice of antibiotic and administration scheme play a major role in its prevention. Clinical experience with implantation of synthetic vascular prostheses in a series of 103 patients where Cefuroxim prophylaxis according to a standard scheme is used (described in detail) is comprehensively analyzed. Wound infection grading is done in compliance with Salzman's classification. Against the background of antibiotic prophylaxis deep wound infection with vascular prosthesis involvement is registered in 1.94 per cent of operated patients only which is consistent with literature data on the issue. The obtained results are estimated as very good, and justify Cefuroxim prophylaxis recommendation to the wide practice for maximal reduction of deep wound infection in prosthetic replacement of arteries.