The aim of this study was to assess the repair of osteochondral defects of the ankle joint with hyaline cartilage. For this purpose we have been using a technique of autologous chondrocyte transplantation for osteochondral defects of the talus for the last two years. Until the method described in the paper, treatment methods proposed for the repair of cartilaginous defects have not been histologically effective in restoring the hyaline cartilage sheath, and in all cases the neoformation of cartilage was of a fibrocartilaginous nature with varying cellular characteristics. Clinical and histological results obtained using this surgical technique have confirmed its validity. Furthermore, neither subjective nor objective complications have been reported. Less pain and better articular function have also been observed. According to the AOFAS score, an improvement from an average score of 32/100 points pre-op. to 91/100 points at 24 months of follow up was obtained. Laboratory data have confirmed the presence of reconstructed cartilage with chondrocytes and expression of collagen II, characteristic of hyaline cartilage.