Fluoride is considered as an essential carioprophylactic agent. However, its use raises problems related to the possible negative effects of excessive intake. Precautions are therefore necessary when prescribing fluoride to children. This includes: 1) evaluation of all sources of fluoride for each individual child and his/her family; 2) evaluation of the cariogenic risk for the child according to his/her environment; and 3) estimation of the family's ability to follow medical advice and prescriptions. The role of the practitioner is thus to adapt the fluoride prescription according to the age and particular cariogenic susceptibility of each child. Pediatricians, general practitioners and dentists need to be convinced of how important regular visits to the dentist are for all children, from an early age. Not only fluoride, but also nutrition and hygiene are essential factors in achieving good dental health in childhood.