Objective: Due to the lack of correlation from 1994 to 1997 between the A H3N2 component of the influenza vaccine recommended for this period and the circulating viruses in Argentina, we decided to study the antigenic and genomic relationships of the 1998 A H3N2 Argentine circulating strains with the corresponding vaccine component for that year as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Methods: We selected 18 influenza A H3N2 strains isolated in Argentina during 1998 to carry out an antigenic and genomic study of their hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins. For the genomic study we added 3 isolates from Uruguay. We compared the Argentine and Uruguayan strains with available reference strains.
Results: We found that all 18 strains from Argentina were similar to the A/Sydney/5/97 (H3N2) strain, as opposed to the A/Wuhan/359/95 (H3N2) strain, which was the vaccine component. This result was confirmed by the genomic study.
Conclusions: The approach that we applied in Argentina has improved the quality and quantity of information about influenza in the country. This type of work should be encouraged in other countries in order to help choose the most appropriate vaccine components each year and provide individuals with the best possible protection against influenza.