First retrospective data show that hereditary Breast cancer risk can be positively influenced by prophylactic surgical procedures and hereby a thorough consultation seem to be an option for mutant gene carriers. A first evaluation of the women of 1050 high-risk families by the German Consortium "Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer promoted by the German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe)" has shown that approximately 80% of the women concerned decide to participate in an intensive early detection--programme and only 5% of the women have decided to submit themselves to prophylactic surgical measures. This again shows how absolutely necessary the elaboration and evaluation of early detection measures within the different investigation projects are.