Purpose: The discovery of increased CA 125 in a patient with metastatic bladder carcinoma prompted a prospective study to screen those referred for consideration of adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy of advanced urothelial malignancy for high serum CA 125. Although CA 125 is a useful marker of ovarian cancer and, reportedly, is expressed by a few other tumors, to our knowledge no association with transitional cell malignancy of the urothelium has been previously described.
Materials and methods: A group of 68 patients with nodal or metastatic disease was examined. A total of 60 patients had lower urinary tract tumors, 6 had renal or ureteral transitional cell carcinoma and 2 had both lesions. Of these patients 21 underwent surgery alone, 40 underwent both surgery and chemotherapy, and 5 were treated by chemotherapy only. There were 2 patients who received no treatment. Periodic serum CA 125 was obtained in cases found to be initially marker positive and with a change in clinical status.
Results: Of the 68 patients 48 (71%) had increased CA 125. Variation in the serum level with change in disease status was often dramatic (mean 516.3 units per dl.). Of 30 radiologically measurable disease progressions 16 were accompanied by increasing CA 125. Increases were seen in 80% of patients who had increased baseline levels. In 5 cases marker increases were seen in the absence of measurable progression but the clinical course indicated therapeutic failure. Decreasing CA 125 reflected 3 of 5 imaged regressions. Overall, a 42% decrease in median levels was seen after chemotherapy. Significantly more cases of metastatic or residual disease were marker positive.
Conclusions: CA 125 appears to be a marker of disease activity in a patient subset with advanced urothelial malignancy. The clinical use of CA 125 in this population is worthy of further study.