Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is a traditional Chinese medicine which has been well documented for its anti-cancer effects. Based on the structure of danshinone, one of the active compounds derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza, we synthesized a simplified phenolic analog, S-3-1, and tried to explore its possible actions in preventing the development of cancer. With the Ames test, S-3-1 was found to efficiently suppress the mutagenicity of benzo[alpha]pyrene. This result is consistent with the inhibitory effect of S-3-1 on the activation of benzo[alpha]pyrene by hepatic microsomal enzymes. Besides the anti-initiation effects, S-3-1 could significantly inhibit the croton oil-induced increase of mouse skin epithermal ornithine decarboxylase activity. Moreover, S-3-1 quenched both superoxide and hydroxyl free radicals whereas it inhibited lipid peroxidation in the in vitro model. These results suggest that S-3-1 might act as anti-initiation and anti-promotion agents through reversing the biochemical alterations induced by carcinogen during carcinogenesis. Therefore, we further investigated the effects of S-3-1 on carcinogenesis. In vitro, S-3-1 inhibited the benzo[alpha]pyrene-induced transformation of V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts. At 10-40 mg/kg, S-3-1 was found to inhibit the development of DMBA/croton oil-induced skin papilloma in mice through decreasing the incidence of papilloma, prolonging the latent period of tumor occurrence and reducing tumor number per mouse in a dose-dependent manner. We concluded from this study that S-3-1 might be developed as a new chemopreventive drug.
MeSH terms
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9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
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Animals
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Anticarcinogenic Agents / chemistry
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Anticarcinogenic Agents / isolation & purification*
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Anticarcinogenic Agents / pharmacokinetics
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Anticarcinogenic Agents / pharmacology*
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Benzo(a)pyrene
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Benzofurans / chemistry
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Benzofurans / isolation & purification*
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Benzofurans / pharmacokinetics
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Benzofurans / pharmacology*
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Bepridil / analogs & derivatives*
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Bepridil / toxicity
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Biphenyl Compounds
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Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / chemically induced
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Cells, Cultured / drug effects
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Cricetinae
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Croton Oil
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Cysteine / metabolism
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Disease Models, Animal
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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Drugs, Chinese Herbal / chemistry*
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Epithelial Cells / enzymology
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Fibroblasts / drug effects
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Fibroblasts / metabolism
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Free Radical Scavengers / chemistry
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Free Radical Scavengers / isolation & purification*
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Free Radical Scavengers / pharmacokinetics
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Free Radical Scavengers / pharmacology*
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Hypoxanthine / toxicity
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In Vitro Techniques
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Iron / metabolism
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Lipid Peroxidation / drug effects
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Lung / drug effects
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Lung / metabolism
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Male
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Medicine, Chinese Traditional
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred ICR
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Microsomes, Liver / drug effects
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Microsomes, Liver / enzymology
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Microsomes, Liver / metabolism
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Molecular Structure
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Mutagens
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Ornithine / metabolism
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Ornithine Decarboxylase / metabolism
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Papilloma / chemically induced*
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Pentetic Acid / toxicity
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Phenanthrenes / chemistry
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Phenanthrenes / isolation & purification*
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Phenanthrenes / pharmacokinetics
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Phenanthrenes / pharmacology*
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Picrates*
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Plants, Medicinal / chemistry*
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Rats
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Salmonella / drug effects
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Skin / drug effects
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Skin / enzymology
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Skin / metabolism
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Skin Neoplasms / chemically induced*
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Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
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Structure-Activity Relationship
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Xanthine Oxidase / metabolism
Substances
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Anticarcinogenic Agents
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Benzofurans
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Biphenyl Compounds
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Drugs, Chinese Herbal
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Free Radical Scavengers
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Mutagens
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Phenanthrenes
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Picrates
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S-3-1 compound
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danshinone
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Hypoxanthine
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Benzo(a)pyrene
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9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
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Bepridil
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Pentetic Acid
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Croton Oil
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1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
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Iron
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Ornithine
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Xanthine Oxidase
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Ornithine Decarboxylase
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Cysteine