Since 1997 a hospital-based universal hearing screening programme (Milan Programme) has been carried out at the Neurophysiopathology Unit of the Mangiagalli Clinic in Milan, for the early identification of hearing loss in neonates (5650 well babies, 749 newborns from the Neonatal Pathology Unit (NPU) without risk for hearing loss and 118 newborns at risk for hearing loss). As a result, considering the well baby population, three pathological neonates (one profound bilateral and two unilateral hearing loss) were identified. Three additional cases were found among the NPU newborns, whereas 16 cases with bilateral and 11 with unilateral hearing loss were found among the at-risk babies.