Background: Most mutations detected for the gene for CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) are either relatively specific to different population groups or rarely observed in Africans.
Objectives: To develop a comprehensive mutation detection assay for the entire coding region of CCR5 and to identify novel mutations that may play a role in genetic susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, within the diverse South African population.
Design: The study cohort consisted of 103 HIV-seropositive patients and 146 HIV-seronegative controls of predominantly African descent.
Methods: A mutation detection assay for the entire coding region of CCR5 was designed; this included amplification of part of the coding region of CCR2. The assay was based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and allowed the complete analysis of samples from 10 individuals per denaturing gel.
Results: The use of the CCR5-DGGE assay led to the identification of seven novel and six previously reported mutations. All novel mutations, including a common polymorphism at codon 35, occurred exclusively in non-Caucasians, indicating possible African origin.
Conclusion: A comprehensive DGGE mutation detection assay has been developed for the entire coding region of CCR5. Application of this assay resulted in the identification of novel CCR5 mutations, which may have a significant effect on the normal functioning of CCR5 and thus contribute to host variability and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and/or progression to AIDS within this population.