Congenital sialidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disease caused by a primary neuraminidase deficiency which results from defects in the neuraminidase gene on chromosome 6p. The inheritance is autosomal recessive. Patients exhibit excessive urinary excretion of bound sialic acid and decreased or undetectable amounts of neuraminidase activity in various tissues. The clinical expression is variable, but ascites and hepatosplenomegaly are hallmarks of the disease. Skeletal abnormalities, facial dysmorphism and inguinal herniae have been described in most of the few reported cases. We describe a baby girl with biochemically proven sialidosis, who in addition to the above clinical features, had severely dilated coronary arteries, excessive retinal vascular tortuosity and an erythematous, macular rash. Homozygosity for a frameshift mutation at residue 623 of the neuraminidase cDNA was found. We speculate that the additional features found in our patient might be associated with the here described genotype of congenital sialidosis.
Conclusion: Severely dilated coronary arteries, excessive retinal vascular tortuosity and an erythematous macular rash might be associated features of congenital sialidosis.