Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) RNA load was measured in paired samples of peripheral blood plasma and nasopharyngeal (NP) washes from 97 Thai subjects infected with subtype E or B. HIV RNA was quantifiable in 93% of peripheral blood plasma samples tested and was inversely correlated (rho =-0.524; p < 0.001) with CD4 absolute count. HIV RNA was quantifiable in 29% of NP samples tested, and the median value was less than that of plasma viral load. HIV RNA load in NP samples was correlated (rho = 0.388; p < 0.001) with viral load in peripheral blood. HIV RNA was not detected in NP washes from subjects with undetectable plasma viral load. Virus isolation attempts on two NP samples were negative. The results do not support local HIV production in the nasopharynx, but extend current knowledge of HIV shedding to include the NP compartment.