The subject of study was to assess the sensitivity of chosen immunological parameters in the extension of the post operative trauma. Two groups of patients were studied: group I--12 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ChL), group II--18 patients underwent conventional cholecystectomy (ChK). We compared changes in the concentration of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in blood. Blood tests were taken before operation and 1, 3, 7, 10 days after operation. Levels of IL-1ra and IL-6 were determined by ELISA. It was stated that cholecystectomy (ChK, ChL) evoked statistically significant changes in the value of chosen immunological parameters. In comparison with ChK the ChL evokes significant but smaller and shorter lasting changes in tested parameters of the immunological response that indicates that ChL is less invasive surgical procedure. The IL-1ra and IL-6 concentration changes constitute a very sensitive markers of immunological response to surgical trauma. The value of IL-1ra and IL-6 changes in immunological response monitoring, especially in the patients with postoperative complications requires further investigations.