Background: Cyclosporine A (CsA) nephrotoxicity is a nonimmunologic factor of chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) in kidney transplant recipients. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) may allow CsA dosage reduction or even complete withdrawal in selected populations with CsA nephrotoxicity or CAD. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CsA withdrawal after azathioprine (AZA)-MMF conversion in a population of stable renal transplant recipients.
Methods: Twenty-eight first cadaver kidney recipients were included. AZA was then discontinued, MMF was introduced and after 4 months CsA was completely withdrawn. All patients underwent inuline clearance measurement and renal biopsy at inclusion and at the end of the follow-up (40 wk).
Results: CsA was completely discontinued in 20 patients. No patient lost his graft during the study period, but 1 patient experienced a reversible acute rejection episode. Inuline clearance improved significantly in the whole series. At the end of follow-up, histological worsening was observed in 50% of patients without any specific risk factor. In these patients, inuline clearance did not improve. Systolic blood pressure, the need for anti-hypertensive drugs and HDL cholesterol improved.
Conclusion: In stable kidney transplant recipients, CsA withdrawal after AZA replacement by MMF switch was safe with regard to acute rejection. It improved blood pressure and the lipid profile, but, in 50% of patients was associated with histologic deterioration.