Lichen planus is described like a well-characterized dermatological condition affecting the skin and the oral and genital mucosa. Over the years, different authors have expressed the possible oral lichen planus premalignant nature, but this is still controversial. This criticism is due to the insufficiency of the clinical and histopathological data to support the initial diagnosis of oral lichen planus, the occurrence of some wrong diagnostic criteria for this pathology, the contemporary presence in the same region of the oral lichen planus lesions and of neoplasia. The malignant transformation of oral lichen planus rate varies, according to authors, from 0.4 to 3.7%. The aim of this study is to review the literature from 1910 to 1999, focusing on the suggested possible premalignant nature of oral lichen planus.