Several cytokines stimulating hematopoiesis, mainly lineage restricted, are already widely used in supportive care to correct myelosuppression or anaemia (GM-CSF, G-CSF, EPO). The new growth factor are tested in preclinical or clinical studies to abrogate other anti-cancer therapy side-effects (thrombocytopenia, mucositis etc.). IL-3 has been shown to have only limited effect on neutrophils and platelets production respectively. IL-6 and IL-11 have been tested to improve thrombocytopenia and mucositis (IL-11). Thrombopoetin (TPO, c-mpl) is tested in clinical trials and shows very strong effect on platelet counts. Stem cell factor (SCF) has shown to improve progenitor cell mobilisation, particularly in combination with other cytokines. The new promising factor, FLT-3 ligand, combines effect on hematopoiesis with effect on dendritic cells generation. The new group of synthetic cytokines (daniplestim, myelopoetin, promegapoetin and progenipoetin) is now tested in preclinical and clinical studies. Mucositis could be influenced by new keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), which is now in phase I trials.