Gender differences in schizophrenia have been the subject of extensive research in the last two decades. The study of these differences can help us improve the understanding of schizophrenia as well as find new treatment options. Recent studies have challenged the classical view that incidence and prevalence rates of schizophrenia are similar in men and in women. As regards disorder onset, most studies agree that it is earlier in men. Also, most studies suggest that women have a better premorbid functioning and, especially in short-term follow-up studies, a more benign course. Data on clinical characteristics are often conflicting, but most studies point to a greater severity of negative symptoms in men. Research on treatment response, both pharmacological and psychosocial, indicates as well differences between men and women. Results of neuropsychological studies are very conflicting. By contrast, brain imaging studies suggest gender differences in morphologic and in functional images. As regards family studies, most of them agree that schizophrenic women are more likely than men to have family history of the illness.