Introduction: Intravenous drug use (10 V) is a primary transmission route for HIV and other blood borne disease. A criminal approach to illicit drug use leads to aggressive attitudes towards drug users and forces them underground, thus hindering their access to Health Service outlets. A 6-month pilot Needle Exchange Programme was set up in Catania, with the aim of reducing the negative effects and consequences of drug use, preventing the spread of blood borne diseases by encouraging the use of clean needles and reduction of needle sharing. To establish contact with the hidden population of the city's, intravenous drug users (IDUs) and promote condom use and safer sex.
Method: An equipped camper was parked daily in two of the city's main public squares according to a preset timetable, morning and afternoon. A flexible needle exchange policy, i.e. free clean needles given out regardless of those returned, was adopted as a strategy considered necessary in order to, ensure maximum user-friendliness. Safer shooting information leaflets were given out alongside material for the correct use of the condom and condoms.
Result: The number of IDUs, contacted who had previously been referred to a National Health Service Drug Unit (Ser.T.) and not, and number of syringes exchanged were low but increased month by month.
Conclusion: Future projects should be undertaken after building up, a collaborative network between Street Unit and local courts; the city police force; social service outlets; hospitals and other health outlets; Ser.T. units and local pharmacies. In the light of our current experience, the one to one strategy instead to the flexible strategy could lead to stricter adherence to harm reduction strategies amongst IDUs.