In order to assess the existence of autochthonous strongyloïdiasis, a retrospective study was carried out in Région Midi-Pyrénées (Southwestern France). Among 63 strongyloïdiasis cases diagnosed at the Consultation of the Department of Parasitology, CHU Purpan in Toulouse, 17 patients (27%) were identified as likely harboring an autochthonous infection. The diagnosis was based upon the results of either Baermann's method for stool examination, or indirect fluoroimmunoassay using Strongyloïdiasis ratti L3 larvae as antigen. Repeated contact with soil or mud, due to occupation or gardening, was found in 13 patients. Twelve cases lived in the upper basin of the Garonne River. The clinical and laboratory findings were similar to those reported by the literature. No case of larva currens was observed. These results suggest that a permanent transmission of strongyloïdiasis possibly exists in Région Midi-Pyrénées, requiring further prospective studies.