The mission of the United States Department of Energy sites has recently changed from nuclear weapons production to site remediation. Considering the mass of radiological and chemical contaminants at these sites, ensuring the health and safety of workers is a major challenge. This study used the findings from a written survey to describe occupational health services at 10 Department of Energy sites. The study aims were to describe and compare: (1) the primary hazards associated with the site activities; (2) the occupational safety and health structure, including service providers; and (3) the occupational health and safety functions, including surveillance, training, and service provision. Although explosions and radiological agents were identified as the hazards with the greatest associated risks, workers at these sites were most likely to be exposed to physical hazards, ergonomic hazards, and/or chemicals, including asbestos. Physicians accounted for 2.4% of service providers, nurses for 5.5%, industrial hygienists for 12.2%, safety personnel for 11.8%, and health physicists for 64.9%. It was concluded that there is an imbalance between the most important hazards and the types of health and safety personnel at these sites.