We measured the directionality of the cones with both a psychophysical (Stiles-Crawford I) technique and an optical technique. The two sets of measurements were made in the same subjects, with stimuli as similar as possible used. The two types of measurements gave similar estimates of the location in the pupil toward which the cones were optimally aligned. However, the two measurements gave quite dissimilar estimates of the width of the directional sensitivity. On average, optical measurements were half as broad as psychophysical measurements in the fovea, but there were substantial individual differences. At 2-deg retinal eccentricity the difference between techniques was even more marked.