Cytokines are hormone-like proteins playing very important role in the cellular interactions. They are produced by the immunological as well as the cardiovascular system structural cells. Cytokines are pathogenic factors in many disorders, where inflammation etiology is suspected such as heart failure and atherosclerosis. Cytokines stimulate proliferation processes in the vascular wall for example restenosis after percutaneous coronary angioplasty. It is suggested, that wider knowledge of cytokines and their role in cardiovascular diseases may be of future clinical importance.