Soil concentrations of 239+240Pu, 238Pu, 241Am, 90Sr, and 137Cs are investigated in the Marche Region of Central Italy. Mean values in uncultivated soils (0.721 +/- 0.456, 0.023 +/- 0.014, 0.241 +/- 0.165, 5.40 +/- 3.32, and 62.3 +/- 33.9 Bq kg(-1), respectively) are 3.5-8 times higher than the corresponding values in cultivated soils (0.147 +/- 0.054, 0.005 +/- 0.002, 0.047 +/- 0.021, 1.53 +/- 0.44, and 7.70 +/- 2.07 Bq kg(-1)). Radionuclide inventories and ratios are consistent with values reported by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation for this latitude (40-50 degrees N). This suggests that radiocontamination in this region is mainly due to atmospheric deposition of nuclear weapon test fallout. The vertical distribution of these radionuclides is also studied. The results show that, with the exception of 90Sr (68%), more than 90% of these radionuclides are contained in the first 20 cm of soil and that mobility follows the order 90Sr > 241Am > 239+240Pu, 238Pu > 137Cs.