WW: An isolated three-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet domain that unfolds and refolds reversibly; evidence for a structured hydrophobic cluster in urea and GdnHCl and a disordered thermal unfolded state

Protein Sci. 1999 Apr;8(4):841-53. doi: 10.1110/ps.8.4.841.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the WW domain as a desirable model system to understand the folding and stability of an isolated three-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet structure. The WW domain was subjected to thermal and chaotropic denaturation/reconstitution utilizing a variety of biophysical methods. This three-stranded sheet folds reversibly and cooperatively utilizing both urea and GdnHCl as denaturants; however, the denatured state retains structure in the form of a hydrophobic cluster involving at least one aromatic side chain. In contrast to chaotropic denaturation, thermal denaturation appears to be more complete and may be a two state process. The suitability of the WW domain for future studies aimed at understanding the kinetics and thermodynamics of antiparallel beta-sheet folding clearly emerges from this initial study. The most exciting and significant result in this manuscript is the finding that the chaotropic denatured state of WW has a hydrophobic cluster as discerned by near-UV CD evidence. The role that the denatured state plays in the folding and stability of a three-stranded beta-sheets, and its capacity for preventing aggregation may be particularly important and is the subject of ongoing studies.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing*
  • Biochemical Phenomena
  • Carrier Proteins / chemistry
  • Circular Dichroism
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Guanidine / chemistry*
  • Humans
  • Kinetics
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Models, Statistical
  • Phosphoproteins / chemistry
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Denaturation
  • Protein Folding
  • Protein Structure, Secondary*
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary*
  • Spectrometry, Fluorescence
  • Temperature
  • Thermodynamics
  • Transcription Factors
  • Urea / chemistry
  • YAP-Signaling Proteins

Substances

  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
  • Carrier Proteins
  • Phosphoproteins
  • Transcription Factors
  • YAP-Signaling Proteins
  • YAP1 protein, human
  • Urea
  • Guanidine