Introduction: The most frequent cause of pneumoperitoneum is gastroduodenal ulcer. Perforations of the small bowel are uncommon compared with perforations of the rest of the alimentary tract and radiological findings of jejunoileal perforation have not been frequently reported. The aim of our retrospective study was to assess the CT findings in 18 patients with jejunoileal perforation.
Material and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the CT findings in 18 patients (12 men and 6 women, age ranging 14 to 84 years, mean age 42 years) operated for jejunoileal perforation at Cardarelli Hospital, Naples. CT examination was performed in all patients after i.v. injection of contrast medium and in two cases after oral contrast medium administration. Free intraperitoneal air, extravasation of ingested contrast media and visualization of a discontinuity in the bowel wall were considered direct findings of jejunoileal perforation, while intraperitoneal free fluid, thickened bowel wall and the presence of a streaky density within the mesentery were considered indirect diagnostic findings.
Results: The site of perforation was the jejunum in 6 cases and the ileum in 12 cases. The following CT findings were retrospectively observed: intraperitoneal free fluid (61%), free intraperitoneal air (33%), thickened bowel wall (22.2%), presence of a streaky density within the mesentery (5.5%). Visualization of a discontinuity in the bowel wall and extravasation of ingested contrast media were never seen. We observed two findings of perforation in 7 cases, and a single finding in 8 cases. CT examination was negative in 3 cases.
Conclusions: Jejunoileal perforations are difficult to identify by CT. In our series, free intraperitoneal air, as a direct finding of perforation, was observed in 33% of cases, while free intraperitoneal fluid, as an indirect diagnostic finding, was the most frequent sign.