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Replacement, reduction, refinement: 3 days for 3Rs.
Caloni F, Nevelli F, Bonini L, Calleri M, Calvillo L, De Angelis I, Failla CM, Giuliani A, Granata P, Lecce F, Kuan M, Letasiova S, Lorenzetti S, Meloni M, Ricceri L, Roughan J, Taglioni A, Vitale A. Caloni F, et al. ALTEX. 2022;39(3):519-521. doi: 10.14573/altex.2206271. ALTEX. 2022. PMID: 35871506 Free article. No abstract available.
Benefits of tunnel handling persist after repeated restraint, injection and anaesthesia.
Henderson LJ, Dani B, Serrano EMN, Smulders TV, Roughan JV. Henderson LJ, et al. Sci Rep. 2020 Sep 3;10(1):14562. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-71476-y. Sci Rep. 2020. PMID: 32884048 Free PMC article.
This suggests that the welfare benefits of tunnel handling are widely applicable and not diminished by the use of other putatively more invasive procedures that are frequently used in the laboratory. Therefore, the simple refinement of replacing tail with tunnel handling f …
This suggests that the welfare benefits of tunnel handling are widely applicable and not diminished by the use of other putatively more inva …