Evaluating the Impact of Vitamin D₃ on NF-κB and JAK/STAT Signaling Pathways in Drosophila melanogaster

This study delved into the consequences of prolonged administration of vitamin D₃ on innate immune systems, particularly NF-κB and JAK/STAT, in Drosophila melanogaster. The outcomes indicated that vitamin D₃ treatment exhibited a notable capacity to improve the survival of adult flies with compromised immune functions, a condition induced by the loss of PGRP-LB, particularly when the flies were exposed to heat-killed Escherichia coli. The PGRP-LB^Δ mutant line that was treated with heat-killed E. coli experienced reduced survival. Treatment of heat-killed E. coli-treated PGRP-LB^Δ with vitamin D₃ resulted in improved survival, and this phenotypic feature might be due to the downregulation of gene expression in the NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways. However, a higher concentration of vitamin D₃ was associated with decreased survival, potentially linked to intricate immunological responses. The research also underscored the influence of vitamin D₃ on the expression of antioxidant genes, sod1 and sod2, indicating an augmented resistance to oxidative stress. Further, this study revealed the effect of vitamin D₃ on the reproductive status of the autoinflammatory model, showing an increase in pupae and adult flies with a treatment of 10 mM vitamin D₃, suggesting the potential benefits of vitamin D₃ on the reproductive profile. Overall, this study provides preliminary insights into the complex interactions between vitamin D₃, immune pathways, oxidative responses in the cell, and reproduction in Drosophila.