Objective: To explore a new technique to prevent the dispersal of Oncomelania hupensis snail through leading flood for irrigation by floodgate in irrigation schemes.
Methods: Hydromechanical and biological were applied and to combine laboratory experiment with the field observation to form a new multidisciplinary regarding snail biological hydraulics and technical line. Findings including characteristics of hydraulics and biomechanics and move regulation etc. Physics parameter of snails were used to design and construct as well as to exam the effect of facilities and rebuilt floodgate which could prevent the snail dispersal.
Results: Through five years efforts, the major achievements were found as: 1) the method in testing the special gravity of snail and snail eggs was determined. 2) the special gravity of snail was (1.8 +/- 0.01) g/cm(3) and special gravity snail eggs was (2.29 +/- 0.01) g/cm(3); the classification method and classified criterion of snail size were made based on geometrical characteristics of snail shell. Six special values indicating dropping and start speed of snail in running water were obtained; Five practical formula of snail dropping and start in water were established; threshold value and movement characteristics in water were observed and tested and move mechanism of snail dispersal in water was also clarified. Based on the findings from fundamental research, the facilities of "precipitation pool for snail" and "leading water from middle level of water body" that could prevent snail dispersal were designed and rebuilt in the endemic area. Through examination to these facilities, the rate of precipitating and blocking of snails reached 100%.
Conclusion: The achievement of the study provided reliable theoretical basis for the rebuilt of floodgate and to development of models that could prevent the dispersal of snail effectively.