Short sleep duration has been linked to an increased obesity risk, and emerging evidence suggests that diet quality potentially influences this association. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association of obesity with sleep duration and diet quality in adults. The participants comprised 10,967 adults (4623 men and 6344 women) aged 19-64 years who participated in the 7th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018). Sleep duration was categorized into adequate (≥7 h) and insufficient (<7 h). Diet quality was evaluated using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI), with scores ranging from 0 to 100, based on 14 dietary components. Obesity was associated with higher rates of insufficient sleep in women but not in men. After adjusting for covariates, the obesity risk in women with insufficient sleep was approximately 1.3 times higher than that in women with adequate sleep (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.270 [1.058-1.525]), and this association was exclusively observed in the "KHEI ≤ median score" group (men, 59.95; women, 63.30). In conclusion, enhanced diet quality may act as an effect modifier in the association between insufficient sleep and a high obesity risk in women. These findings suggest that the association between sleep duration and obesity risk is potentially modified by dietary quality in adult women. Future studies with larger sample sizes and a prospective or interventional design are warranted to augment current knowledge regarding the association of diet quality/dietary patterns, and sleep duration with obesity.
Keywords: Korean Healthy Eating Index; adults; diet quality; obesity; sleep duration.