Objective: To investigate the distribution and major influencing factors of annual systolic blood pressure variability from a large population cohort.
Methods: In this prospective cohort study, data from Kailuan Group employees who attended all 4 physical examinations ( taken in June 2006 to October 2007, June 2008 to October 2009, June 2010 to October 2011, June 2012 to October 2013, respectively) were analyzed (32 959 males and 10 401 females, mean age: (48.2 ± 11.5) years old). Systolic blood pressure variability was defined as the standard deviation (SSD) and the coefficient of variation (SCV) of systolic blood pressure of 4 physical examinations. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine the related influencing factors of SSD and SCV.
Results: (1) The mean of SSD and SCV for this cohort was 10.91 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) and 8.34%, respectively. SSD and SCV increased in male and female with increasing age (both P < 0.001). (2) Multiple linear regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure (β = 0.225, P < 0.001), age (β = 0.163, P < 0.001), fasting blood glucose (β = 0.038, P < 0.001), the use of anti-hypertensive drugs (β = 0.038, P < 0.001), sex (β = 0.038, P < 0.001), smoking (β = 0.025, P < 0.001), alcohol drinking (P = -0.022, P < 0.001), physical exercise (β = -0.018, P = 0.001), high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (β = 0.016, P = 0.001) body mass index (β = -0.011, P = 0.018) were related to SSD. Age (β = 0.139, P < 0.001), sex (β = 0.055, P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (β = 0.047, P < 0.001), fasting blood glucose (P = 0.033, P < 0.001), drinking (β = -0.030, P < 0.001), body mass index (β = -0.026, P < 0.001), the use of anti- hypertensive drugs (β = 0.026, P < 0.001), smoking (β = 0.024, P < 0.001), physical exercise (β = -0.015, P = 0. 001), high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (β = 0. 014, P = 0. 001) were related to SCV.
Conclusions: SSD and SCV increase with increasing age. Systolic blood pressure, age, fasting blood glucose, the use of anti-hypertensive drugs, sex, smoking, drinking, physical exercise, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein, body mass index are major influencing factors for SSD. Age, sex, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, alcohol drinking, body mass index, the use of anti-hypertensive drugs, smoking, physical exercise, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein are major influencing factors for SCV.