Performance analysis of crushed gravel sand heat storage and biomass evaporator-assisted single slope solar still

In this research work, the productivity, energy, exergy, and economic and enviro-economic performance in crushed gravel sand heat storage and biomass evaporator-assisted solar still (CGS-BSS) have been investigated and compared the results with conventional solar still (CSS) under the similar climatic conditions of Coimbatore City during the year 2019. The heat accumulated in crushed gravel sand and biomass evaporator have been used to preheat the inlet saline water and air vapor before entering into the solar still. This results in enhanced air vapor mixture temperature and evaporative heat transfer rate of CGS-BSS significantly. The productivity, energy, and exergy efficiencies in CGS-BSS were improved by 34.6%, 34.4%, and 35%, respectively when compared to CSS. In economic analysis, the payback period (PBP) in both CGS-BSS and CSS was estimated to be about 4.7 months and 3.9 months, respectively. Furthermore, in enviro-economic analysis, the CO₂ emission estimated in CGS-BSS and CSS was about 16.63 tons and 8.18 tons, respectively during its lifetime of 10 years.