Synergistic role of activated CD4⁺ memory T cells and CXCL13 in augmenting cancer immunotherapy efficacy

The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly advanced cancer treatment. However, their efficacy is not consistent across all patients, underscoring the need for personalized approaches. In this study, we examined the relationship between activated CD4⁺ memory T cell expression and ICI responsiveness. A notable correlation was observed between increased activated CD4⁺ memory T cell expression and better patient survival in various cohorts. Additionally, the chemokine CXCL13 was identified as a potential prognostic biomarker, with higher expression levels associated with improved outcomes. Further analysis highlighted CXCL13's role in influencing the Tumor Microenvironment, emphasizing its relevance in tumor immunity. Using these findings, we developed a deep learning model by the Multi-Layer Aggregation Graph Neural Network method. This model exhibited promise in predicting ICI treatment efficacy, suggesting its potential application in clinical practice.