Neural correlates of receiving an apology and active forgiveness: an FMRI study

PLoS One. 2014 Feb 5;9(2):e87654. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087654. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

Interpersonal conflicts are a common element of many social relationships. One possible process in rebuilding social relationships is the act of apologizing. Behavioral studies have shown that apologies promote forgiveness. However, the neural bases of receiving an apology and forgiveness are still unknown. Hence, the aim of the present fMRI study was to investigate brain processes involved in receiving an apology and active forgiveness of an ambiguous offense. We asked one group of participants (player A) to make decisions, which were either positive or negative for another group of participants (player B). The intention of player A was ambiguous to player B. In case of a negative impact, participants in the role of player A could send an apology message to participants in the role of player B. Subsequently players B were asked whether they wanted to forgive player A for making a decision with negative consequences. We found that receiving an apology yielded activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus, the left middle temporal gyrus, and left angular gyrus. In line with previous research we found that forgiving judgments activated the right angular gyrus.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Female
  • Forgiveness / physiology*
  • Games, Experimental*
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
  • Male
  • Parahippocampal Gyrus / diagnostic imaging*
  • Parahippocampal Gyrus / physiology*
  • Radiography

Grants and funding

Armin Falk was supported by the German Science Foundation (through SFB/TR15) and the European Research Council (Starting Grant); Bernd Weber was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) with a Heisenberg grant (WE 4427/3-1); Urs Fischbacher was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) through research unit FOR 1882 “Psychoeconomics.” The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.