X-ray absorption as an alternative method to determine the exhausting degree of activated carbon layers in water treatment system for medical services

Jeamichel Puente Torres; Harold Crespo Sariol; Jan Yperman; Peter Adriaensens; Robert Carleer; Thayset Mariño Peacok; Ángel Brito Sauvanell; Elsy Thijssen; Guy Reggers; Tom Haeldermans; Pieter Samyn

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.058

X-ray absorption as an alternative method to determine the exhausting degree of activated carbon layers in water treatment system for medical services

Talanta. 2019 Dec 1:205:120058. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.058. Epub 2019 Jun 22.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. Electronic address: jeamichelp@gmail.com.
² Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Energetic Efficiency Center, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. Electronic address: harold@uo.edu.cu.
³ Research Group of Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium. Electronic address: jan.yperman@uhasselt.be.
⁴ Research Group of Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium. Electronic address: peter.adriaensens@uhasselt.be.
⁵ Research Group of Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium. Electronic address: robert.carleer@uhasselt.be.
⁶ Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Energetic Efficiency Center, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. Electronic address: thayset@uo.edu.cu.
⁷ Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Energetic Efficiency Center, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. Electronic address: albrito@uo.edu.cu.
⁸ Research Group of Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium. Electronic address: elsy.thijssen@uhasselt.be.
⁹ Research Group of Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium. Electronic address: guy.reggers@uhasselt.be.
¹⁰ Research Group of Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium. Electronic address: tom.haeldermans@uhasselt.be.
¹¹ Research Group of Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium. Electronic address: Pieter.samyn@uhasselt.be.

PMID: 31450386
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.058

Abstract

Analytical methods based on X-Ray radiation proved to be reliable and sensitive techniques to study activated carbons (ACs). An X-Ray absorption analysis based on digital radiographic images (XRA) is applied for the determination of the exhaustion degree of granular activated carbon (GAC) used in a water purification system for hemodialysis. XRA-method demonstrated the possibility to determine the exhaustion degree at different layers of the GAC filter. The results of the XRA-method were successfully correlated with X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), TGA, Elemental analysis (EA), SEM, TD-GC/MS, ATR-FTIR, X Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance relaxometry (NMR) analyses. It was demonstrated that the XRA-method is a fast and reliable analytical tool to give indirect information on the exhaustion degree of GAC at different layers. It is also demonstrated that XRA results can be correlated with the results of the other analytical techniques, rather dealing with the composition and morphology of GAC at different layers.

Keywords: Activated carbon; Digital image processing; Water treatment; X-ray radiography.

MeSH terms

Adsorption
Charcoal / chemistry*
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Radiography / methods*
Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Thermogravimetry
Water Purification / instrumentation
Water Purification / methods
X-Ray Diffraction
X-Rays

Substances

Charcoal